#84 Amasonas Dyrelliv (2/9) Stærke Jaguarer, Kloge Anakondaer og Den sorte Kaiman - Hvor vigtige er toprovdyr for Amazonas?

Jaguaren har et så stærkt bid, at den som den eneste af de store katte dræber sit bytte ved at bide gennem kraniet. Selv skildpadders skjold og kaimaners pansrede skæl kan jaguaren bide igennem! Men jaguaren er blot ét af Amazonas mange ikoniske toprovdyr. I floderne lurer den sorte kaiman, og i sumpene ligger den grønne anakonda klar i baghold. Som toprovdyr er de med til at forme hele Amazonas’ økosystem. I denne episode tager vi dig med på en rejse fra vandet og op i landskabet, hvor du møder tre af Amazonas’ toprovdyr. Du får også indblik i, hvordan de er med til at holde verdens største regnskov i balance – og hvad der sker, når toprovdyr forsvinder fra et område. Så læn dig godt tilbage, og kom med på rejsen ind i toprovdyrenes verden Billeder af  Museum of Veterinary Anatomy FMVZ USP / Wagner Souza e Silva, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons Rum from An Sgurr, Eigg by Jim Barton, CC BY-SA 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons Kilder Patrick S. Champagne, Thomas B. Herman, Paul Rosolie, Dylan Singer, Dan Horton, Carter J. Payne, Lucy Dablin, David Colville, Julio Cardenas, Miryam Quevedo, Trevor Avery, Renata Leite Pitman, Does the Southern Green Anaconda, Eunectes murinus, seek areas of high prey concentration in southeastern Peru?, Food Webs, Volume 39, 2024,e00348,ISSN 2352-2496, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00348. Estes, J. A., Terborgh, J., Brashares, J. S., Power, M. E., Berger, J., Bond, W. J., Carpenter, S. R., Essington, T. E., Holt, R. D., Jackson, J. B. C., Marquis, R. J., Oksanen, L., Oksanen, T., Paine, R. T., Pikitch, E. K., Ripple, W. J., Sandin, S. A., Scheffer, M., Schoener, T. W., … Wardle, D. A. (2011). Trophic downgrading of planet Earth. Science, 333(6040), 301–306. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1205106 Terborgh, John & Lopez, Lawrence & Nunez, P.V. & Rao, Madhu & Shahabuddin, Ghazala & Orihuela, Gabriela & Riveros, Mailen & Ascanio, Rafael & Adler, Gregory & Lambert, Thomas & Balbas, Luis. (2001). Ecological Meltdown in Predator-Free Forest Fragments. Science (New York, N.Y.). 294. 1923-6. 10.1126/science.1064397.  Horna, Viviana & Cintra, Renato & Vasquez, Pedro. (2001). FEEDING ECOLOGY OF BLACK CAIMAN MELANOSUCHUS NIGER IN A WESTERN AMAZONIAN FOREST:THE EFFECTS OF ONTOGENY AND SEASONALITY ON DIET COMPOSITION. Ecotropica. 7. 1-11. Caut, S., Francois, V., Bacques, M., Guiral, D., Lemaire, J., Lepoint, G., Marquis, O., & Sturaro, N. (2019). The dark side of the black caiman: Shedding light on species dietary ecology and movement in Agami Pond, French Guiana. PLOS ONE, 14(6), e0217239. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217239 Angarita-Sierra, T., & López-Hurtado, C. A. (2020). Exploring the reproductive ecology of the tropical semifossorial snake Ninia atrata. Zoological Research, 41(2), 157. https://doi.org/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.015 https://www.livescience.com/animals/snakes/never-before-seen-footage-captures-moment-scientists-find-new-giant-anaconda-species-in-amazon https://www.livescience.com/animals/snakes/how-we-found-the-northern-green-anaconda-a-new-species-of-the-heaviest-snake-on-earth https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/reptiles/facts/green-anaconda https://www.catsg.org/living-species-jaguar https://www.wwf.org.uk/learn/wildlife/jaguars https://bigcatrescue.org/conservation-news/jaguar-facts https://www.iflscience.com/black-caiman-the-amazons-apex-predator-that-hunts-everything-even-humans-74252 https://www.iucncsg.org/365_docs/attachments/protarea/06_M-24b37cab.pdf https://iucn.org/about-iucn https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Melanosuchus_niger/ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/13053/512056 https://nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/green-anaconda